石墨模具主要應用 石墨模具主要在以下方面得到了廣(guang)泛的(de)應用(yong): 有(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)屬連(lian)續(xu)(xu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)及半連(lian)續(xu)(xu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)用(yong)石墨模具:國內外正在推廣(guang)由熔融(rong)金(jin)(jin)屬狀態直接連(lian)續(xu)(xu)(或半連(lian)續(xu)(xu)的(de)(de))制造(zao)棒材或管材等(deng)先進的(de)(de)生產方法。人(ren)造(zao)石墨作(zuo)為(wei)有(you)色(se)金(jin)(jin)屬的(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)或半連(lian)續(xu)(xu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)用(yong)模具被(bei)認為(wei)是最合適的(de)(de)材料。在生產實踐證(zheng)明,由于采(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)石墨模具,因其(qi)導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)能良好(hao)(hao)(導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)能決(jue)定了(le)(le)金(jin)(jin)屬或合金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)凝固速(su)度(du)(du)),模具的(de)(de)自潤(run)滑性(xing)能好(hao)(hao)等(deng)因素,不但使鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)速(su)度(du)(du)提(ti)高,而(er)且由于鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錠的(de)(de)尺寸精確(que),表面光滑,結晶(jing)組織均勻,可(ke)直接進行下道工(gong)序的(de)(de)加工(gong)。這不僅大(da)大(da)提(ti)高了(le)(le)成品(pin)率,減少(shao)了(le)(le)廢品(pin)損(sun)失,而(er)且產品(pin)質量也有(you)大(da)幅度(du)(du)的(de)(de)提(ti)高。連(lian)續(xu)(xu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)方法有(you)立(li)式連(lian)續(xu)(xu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)法和臥(wo)式連(lian)續(xu)(xu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)法兩(liang)種(zhong)。 離心鑄(zhu)(zhu)造用(yong)石(shi)墨模具:石(shi)墨模已成功應用(yong)于離心鑄(zhu)(zhu)造上(shang)。美國已采用(yong)壁厚為25毫(hao)米以上(shang)的(de)人(ren)造石(shi)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)模來(lai)離心鑄(zhu)(zhu)造青銅套管(guan)。為了防止(zhi)人(ren)造石(shi)墨模的(de)燒損,可采取一(yi)定(ding)的(de)防氧化措施。澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)定(ding)數(shu)量的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件后,如果(guo)發現鑄(zhu)(zhu)模內(nei)表(biao)面燒損,可以將鑄(zhu)(zhu)模內(nei)孔的(de)尺(chi)寸擴大以便用(yong)來(lai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造大規格套管(guan)。 玻(bo)璃(li)(li)成型(xing)(xing)用模(mo)具(ju):由(you)于石墨(mo)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)具(ju)有化學穩定性,不(bu)易受熔融玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的浸(jin)潤,不(bu)會改變玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的成分(fen),石墨(mo)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)耐熱沖(chong)擊性能(neng)良好,尺寸隨溫度(du)變化小等特點(dian),所以近(jin)年(nian)來在玻(bo)璃(li)(li)制(zhi)造(zao)中成為不(bu)可缺少的模(mo)具(ju)材(cai)料(liao)(liao),可以用它來制(zhi)造(zao)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)管(guan),彎(wan)管(guan),漏斗及(ji)其它各種(zhong)異型(xing)(xing)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)瓶(ping)的鑄模(mo)。 加(jia)壓鑄造(zao)(zao)用(yong)模具:人造(zao)(zao)石墨材(cai)料(liao)已(yi)成功地用(yong)于有色金(jin)屬的加(jia)壓鑄造(zao)(zao)上。例如,用(yong)人造(zao)(zao)石墨材(cai)料(liao)制造(zao)(zao)的加(jia)壓鑄造(zao)(zao)用(yong)模具生產(chan)的鋅合(he)金(jin)和銅合(he)金(jin)的鑄件(jian)已(yi)用(yong)于汽車零件(jian)等方面。 熱(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)模(mo)模(mo)具:人造石(shi)墨熱(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)模(mo)用于硬質合金的(de)(de)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)燒結(jie)方面具有下述特點:一是若壓(ya)(ya)(ya)制溫度(du)提高到1350-1450度(du)時,則所需單位壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)可降到67-100公(gong)斤力(li)/平方厘米(即為冷壓(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)1/10)就(jiu)可;二是加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)加(jia)熱(re)在同一道工序進行(xing),經短時間的(de)(de)燒結(jie)就(jiu)能(neng)得(de)到致密的(de)(de)燒結(jie)體。 燒結模(mo)(mo)(mo)及其它金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燒結模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju):利用(yong)人造(zao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)熱(re)(re)變(bian)形(xing)極小的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點,可(ke)制(zhi)造(zao)晶體管的(de)(de)(de)燒結模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)支架,現已廣泛使(shi)用(yong),它已成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)發(fa)展半導體工(gong)(gong)(gong)業不可(ke)缺少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。此(ci)外,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)也使(shi)用(yong)于鑄鐵用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)鑄型(xing)(xing),各種有(you)色金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)耐久性鑄模(mo)(mo)(mo),鑄鋼(gang)用(yong)鑄型(xing)(xing),耐熱(re)(re)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(鈦,鋯,鉬等(deng))用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)鑄型(xing)(xing)及焊鋼(gang)軌(gui)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)鋁熱(re)(re)焊型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)鑄型(xing)(xing)等(deng)。熱(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)燒結金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju),在(zai)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)造(zao)過程中擔(dan)負著發(fa)熱(re)(re)元件和(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)支撐的(de)(de)(de)雙重作用(yong),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)質量的(de)(de)(de)優(you)劣(lie),直接影響(xiang)到(dao)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)寸精度(du)、外觀形(xing)狀(zhuang)等(deng)。熱(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)燒結工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):溫(wen)度(du)達到(dao)(1000±2)℃,成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)壓(ya)(ya)力16~50MPa,保溫(wen)保壓(ya)(ya)時間(jian)為(wei)15~30min,環境為(wei)非真空狀(zhuang)態(tai)。在(zai)此(ci)工(gong)(gong)(gong)況條(tiao)件下(xia),既要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)及發(fa)熱(re)(re)元件的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)導電性、較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)電阻率、足夠的(de)(de)(de)機械強度(du),還需要(yao)其具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)性能和(he)較長的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命,以確保金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)寸精度(du)和(he)優(you)異性能。目前,西方發(fa)達國家(jia)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)造(zao)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)材(cai)(cai)料(liao),主要(yao)為(wei)超細(xi)顆粒結構、高(gao)純度(du)和(he)高(gao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao),要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)其平均(jun)粒徑小于15μm,甚(shen)至10μm以下(xia),中等(deng)氣孔尺(chi)(chi)寸小于2μm。用(yong)此(ci)炭素原料(liao)做成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju),氣孔率小、結構致(zhi)密(mi)、表面光潔度(du)高(gao)、抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)性較強,平均(jun)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命可(ke)達30~40次。金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)材(cai)(cai)質硬(ying)度(du)高(gao),抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)性能好,加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)高(gao)等(deng)特(te)點,采用(yong)優(you)質石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)大(da)大(da)延長了模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命和(he)提高(gao)了抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)性能。 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