石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)就是(shi)作為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，而且(qie)是(shi)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之分，那么石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)做的(de)是(shi)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，成為(wei)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)中用(yong)(yong)作電(dian)(dian)解(jie)槽陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)板(ban)、塊或棒材。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有兩類，一(yi)(yi)類是(shi)水(shui)溶(rong)液電(dian)(dian)解(jie)，另一(yi)(yi)類是(shi)熔鹽電(dian)(dian)解(jie)。電(dian)(dian)解(jie)食鹽水(shui)溶(rong)液生(sheng)產燒堿(jian)和氯氣的(de)氯堿(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)是(shi)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)較大的(de)用(yong)(yong)戶。石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)怎么生(sheng)產的(de)？石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)及所用(yong)(yong)原料(liao)基(ji)本(ben)上與(yu)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相同。由于(yu)對石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)密度和強度要求較高，焙(bei)燒后(hou)的(de)半成品還須進行瀝(li)青浸漬，然后(hou)，石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化和機械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

用(yong)于熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)電(dian)解的石(shi)墨陽都是一(yi)些(xie)大規格(ge)的產品，例如，熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)電(dian)解的電(dian)解槽，使(shi)用(yong)直(zhi)徑400～800mm的大型(xing)石(shi)墨陽極，熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)電(dian)解生產金屬鎂的電(dian)解槽，使(shi)用(yong)的是大規格(ge)的石(shi)墨塊材。

氯(lv)堿(jian)工業(ye)是基本化學(xue)工業(ye)，它生產的燒(shao)堿(jian)廣泛應用于(yu)紡織、造紙、冶金、有(you)(you)機和(he)(he)無機化工等眾(zhong)多工業(ye)部門。氯(lv)氣(qi)也是一種重(zhong)(zhong)要的化工原料。采用電(dian)解(jie)食鹽(yan)水(shui)溶(rong)液方法制取氯(lv)堿(jian)產品已經(jing)有(you)(you)一百多年(nian)的歷史。在漫長的歲月里(li)，有(you)(you)兩(liang)種電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)，即較電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)隔膜(mo)電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)曾長期共存，并駕齊驅，對(dui)(dui)氯(lv)堿(jian)工業(ye)的發展起(qi)過重(zhong)(zhong)要的作用。但由于(yu)較對(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)境污染嚴重(zhong)(zhong)，從20世紀70年(nian)代起(qi)，這種電(dian)解(jie)槽(cao)(cao)已被逐(zhu)漸淘汰(tai)。隔膜(mo)槽(cao)(cao)使用的石棉隔膜(mo)同樣會(hui)對(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)境造成(cheng)公(gong)害(hai)。離子交換膜(mo)法是對(dui)(dui)膜(mo)技術(shu)進(jin)行重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)改進(jin)的一種先(xian)進(jin)的氯(lv)堿(jian)生產工藝(yi)。

長期以(yi)來，較電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)隔膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)都使用(yong)石墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)運(yun)行過程中，石墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)會慢(man)慢(man)地消耗(hao)(hao)，較電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)每噸燒堿(jian)消耗(hao)(hao)石墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)4～6kg，隔膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)每噸燒堿(jian)消耗(hao)(hao)石墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)約6kg。隨著石墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)消耗(hao)(hao)變薄(bo)，陰極(ji)與陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)間距離增大，槽(cao)(cao)(cao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會逐漸升高。因此，運(yun)行一些(xie)時間后，需要(yao)停槽(cao)(cao)(cao)更換陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)。20世紀60年代中期，荷蘭人H.比爾發(fa)明了(le)一種以(yi)鈦(tai)為基(ji)體表面涂料的金屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)。由于(yu)金屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)基(ji)本上不(bu)消耗(hao)(hao)，因此，也被稱作為尺寸穩定陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)（Dimensionally Stable Anode縮寫DSA）。除了(le)不(bu)消耗(hao)(hao)，因而使用(yong)壽命長外，金屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)還具有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流效率高，氯堿(jian)產品質量好、節(jie)能、無特(te)別污染和(he)維修(xiu)工作量少(shao)等(deng)優點(dian)，因而受到青睞，迅速推廣應用(yong)。但由于(yu)金屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)價格昂貴，金屬(shu)釕資源貧乏，供應難以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)，以(yi)及采用(yong)金屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)時，要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液鹽水含鈣(gai)、鎂離子不(bu)大于(yu)5×10，因而，需要(yao)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液進行嚴(yan)格的凈化(hua)處理等(deng)原因，可以(yi)預計，在(zai)相當長一段時間內，金屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)不(bu)會特(te)別取代石墨(mo)(mo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)。